Journal: Emerging Infectious Diseases

Article Title: Livestock Susceptibility to Infection with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

doi: 10.3201/eid2302.161239

Figure Lengend Snippet: Presence of MERS-CoV receptor DPP4 (IHC) and of mucosubstances (PAS) in upper and lower respiratory tract tissues from sheep, pigs, llamas, and horses. A) In the nose, DPP4 (red cytoplasmic or membrane staining) was present on the lining epithelium of pigs, llamas, and horses but not sheep. PAS staining (magenta) demonstrated more mucous cells in the lining epithelium of sheep and horses and a layer of mucus on the lining epithelium of the horses. B) DPP4 (red cytoplasmic or membrane staining) was present on the lining epithelium of the trachea, bronchus/bronchioles, and alveoli in the pigs, llamas and horses but not in the sheep. Original magnification ×400 for all images. DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; IHC, immunohistochemistry; MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; PAS, periodic acid–Schiff; term., terminal.

Article Snippet: In brief, we performed DPP4 IHC staining by using 5 μg/mL of polyclonal goat IgG anti-human DPP4 antibody (R&D Systems, Abingdon, UK) and peroxidase-labeled rabbit anti-goat IgG (1:200; DAKO; Agilent Technologies Company, Santa Clara, CA, USA) as a secondary antibody.

Techniques: Membrane, Staining, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: International Journal of Cardiology

Article Title: Cardiac inflammation and microvascular procoagulant changes are decreased in second wave compared to first wave deceased COVID-19 patients

doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.11.079

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of coagulation regulating factors and CML in the cardiac microvasculature between first and second wave COVID-19 and control patients. The number of blood vessels positive for the procoagulant factors Tissue Factor (A; TF), Factor VII (B; FVII), Factor XII (C; FXII) and anticoagulant dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (D; DPP4) are shown per cm 2 of left ventricular heart tissue in control patients (Con; n = 18) and first wave (Wave 1; n = 15) and second wave (Wave 2; n = 10) COVID-19 patients. (E): An immunohistochemical example of the presence N(ε)-Carboxymethyllysine (CML) in the endothelium of intramyocardial blood vessels of a COVID-19 patient (arrow) and the immunohistochemical (IH) score for CML per cm 2 in control patients (Con) and first- and second wave COVID-19 patients. (F): The number of blood vessels with weak, moderate and strong CML staining (staining intensities 1, 2, 3 respectively) in control (Con) and first- and second wave COVID-19 patients. Each point in the graphs represents the value of one individual patient, the bars represent mean ± SD. The bars represent mean ± SD. For comparisons Kruskal-Wallis tests with Dunn's multiple comparison tests were used. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 (exact p-values are given in the text).

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies were added for 1 h at room temperature (RT): mouse-anti-human CD45 (1:100, Dako Santa Clara, USA; M0701), rabbit-anti-human CD68 (1:400, Dako; M0814), rabbit-anti-human CD3 (1:100, Dako; A0452), rabbit-anti-human C3d (1:1000, Dako; A0063), mouse-anti-human CD31 (1:50, Dako; M0823), mouse-anti-human TF (1:250, Biorbyt Cambridge, UK; ORB100189), mouse-anti-human FVII (1:100, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), mouse-anti-human FXII (1:25, Sanquin), mouse-anti-human CML (1:500 [ ]) or mouse-anti-human CD26 (1:100, Bio-Rad, Lunteren, The Netherlands, MCA1317T).

Techniques: Comparison, Coagulation, Control, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining